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Protocol overview Communication and data transfer Illustration of starting a passive connection using port 21įTP may run in active or passive mode, which determines how the data connection is established. Several proposed standards amend RFC 959, for example RFC 1579 (February 1994) enables Firewall-Friendly FTP (passive mode), RFC 2228 (June 1997) proposes security extensions, RFC 2428 (September 1998) adds support for IPv6 and defines a new type of passive mode. The protocol was later replaced by a TCP/IP version, RFC 765 (June 1980) and RFC 959 (October 1985), the current specification. Until 1980, FTP ran on NCP, the predecessor of TCP/IP.

The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan and published as RFC 114 on 16 April 1971. In 2021, FTP support was dropped by Google Chrome and Firefox, two major web browser vendors, due to it being superseded by the more secure SFTP and FTPS although neither of them have implemented the newer protocols. Many dedicated FTP clients and automation utilities have since been developed for desktops, servers, mobile devices, and hardware, and FTP has been incorporated into productivity applications such as HTML editors and file managers.Īn FTP client used to be commonly integrated in web browsers, where file servers are browsed with the URI prefix ' ftp://'. The first FTP client applications were command-line programs developed before operating systems had graphical user interfaces, and are still shipped with most Windows, Unix, and Linux operating systems. For secure transmission that protects the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS ( FTPS) or replaced with SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). FTP users may authenticate themselves with a plain-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. FTP is built on a client–server model architecture using separate control and data connections between the client and the server. The File Transfer Protocol ( FTP) is a standard communication protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a computer network.

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